The Roman Peasant Project 2009-2014 : Excavating the Roman Rural Poor

Cover -- The Roman Peasant Project 2009-2014 Excavating the Roman Rural Poor -- VOLUME 1 -- Volume 1 Title -- Volume 1 Copyright -- Contents -- Author List -- Acknowledgments and Dedication -- Ceramic References and Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Part I: Old Questions and New...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Bowes, Kimberly Diane (Author)
Document Type: Online Resource Book
Language:English
Published: Philadelphia : University Museum Publications , 2021
Subjects:
Roman Peasant Project > History
Rome > Rural conditions
Rome > Antiquities
Tuscany (Italy) > Antiquities
Tuscany (Italy) > Rural conditions
Online Access:http://proxy.fid-lizenzen.de/han/proquest-ebook-central-altertum/ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bsbfidaltertumswissenschaften/detail.action?docID=6680152
E-Book Packages:ProQuest Ebook Central : Classical Studies Collection
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Summary:Cover -- The Roman Peasant Project 2009-2014 Excavating the Roman Rural Poor -- VOLUME 1 -- Volume 1 Title -- Volume 1 Copyright -- Contents -- Author List -- Acknowledgments and Dedication -- Ceramic References and Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Part I: Old Questions and New Data -- 1 Introduction: Inventing Roman Peasants -- 1.1 Peasants: Definitions -- 1.2 Historiography I: Roman Peasant History and the Ancient Swerve -- 1.3 Historiography II: Archaeology and the Peasant Swerve -- 1.4 Project Questions and Hypotheses -- 1.5 Volume Outline -- 2 Methodologies -- 2.1 Precepts (KB) -- 2.2 Archeology in Roman Social History (KB) -- 2.3 Methodologies -- 2.3.1 Field Survey (MG) -- 2.3.2 Site Selection (KB) -- 2.3.3 Geophysics (MG) -- 2.3.4 Excavation (KB, MS) -- 2.3.5 Ceramics Analysis (EV) -- 2.3.6 Faunal Analysis (MM) -- 2.3.7 Land Analysis (AA) -- 2.3.8 Movement (AA, CG) -- 2.3.9 Geological Materials (AA) -- 2.3.10 Botanical Analysis (AMM) -- 2.3.11 Small Finds Analysis (SCE) -- 2.4 Quantification (KB) -- 3 Land and Locale -- 3.1 Locale (KB, CG) -- 3.2 Land (AA) -- 3.3 Vegetation (ER) -- 3.4 Human Activity in a "Liminal" Landscape (KB) -- 3.5 Human Activity in the Commune of Cinigiano (KB, MG) -- 3.6 Characteristics of the Locale (AA, KB, MG) -- 3.7 Conclusions (KB) -- Excavations -- 4 Pievina -- 4.1 Situation (AA, MG) -- 4.2 Remote Sensing (MG) -- 4.3 Excavation (KB) -- 4.4 Chronology (EV) -- 4.5 Ceramics (EV) -- 4.6 Faunal Materials (MM) -- 4.7 Geological Considerations, Land Units, and Evaluation (AA) -- 4.8 Botanical Materials -- 4.9 Coins (FM) -- 4.10 Small Finds (SCE) -- 4.11 Glass (SCE, ERR) -- 4.12 Building Materials (AA) -- 4.13 Discussion (KB) -- 5 Case Nuove -- 5.1 Situation (AA, CG, EV) -- 5.2 Remote Sensing (MG) -- 5.3 Excavation (KB) -- 5.4 Residue Analysis (AP, MACO).
5.5 Discussion of Excavation Results (KB) -- 5.6 Chronology (EV) -- 5.7 Ceramics (EV) -- 5.8 Faunal Materials (MM) -- 5.9 Botanical Materials (AMM, ER, RR) -- 5.10 Geological Considerations, Land Evaluation/Use, and Mobility (AA, CG, AM) -- 5.11 Coin Finds (FM) -- 5.12 Small Finds (SCE) -- 5.13 Glass (SCE, ERR) -- 5.14 Building Materials (AA) -- 5.15 Discussion (KB) -- 6 San Martino -- 6.1 Situation (AA, MG) -- 6.2 Remote Sensing (MG) -- 6.3 Excavation (KB) -- 6.4 Chronology (EV) -- 6.5 Ceramics (EV) -- 6.6 Faunal Materials (MM) -- 6.7 Land Units and Evaluation (AA) -- 6.8 Botanical Materials (AMM, ER, RR) -- 6.9 Coins/Small Finds (SCE) -- 6.10 Building Materials (AA) -- 6.11 Discussion (KB) -- 7 Poggio dell'Amore -- 7.1 Situation (AA, MG) -- 7.2 Remote Sensing (MG) -- 7.3 Excavation (KB) -- 7.4 Chronology (EV) -- 7.5 Ceramics (EV) -- 7.6 Faunal Materials (MM) -- 7.7 Geological Features, Land Units, and Land Evaluation (AA) -- 7.8 Botanical materials (AMM, ER, RR) -- 7.9 Coins/Small Finds (SCE) -- 7.10 Glass (SCE, ERR) -- 7.11 Building materials (AA) -- 7.12 Discussion (KB) -- 8 Colle Massari -- 8.1 Situation (AA, MG) -- 8.2 Remote Sensing (MG) -- 8.3 Excavation (KB) -- 8.4 Chronology (EV) -- 8.5 Ceramics (EV) -- 8.6 Faunal Materials (MM) -- 8.7 Botanical Materials (AAM, ER, RR) -- 8.8 Hydrological/Geological Contexts, Land Units, and Land Evaluation (AA) -- 8.9 Small Finds (SCE) -- 8.10 Building Materials (AA) -- 8.11 Discussion (KB) -- 9 Podere Terrato -- 9.1 Situation (AA, MG) -- 9.2 Remote Sensing (MG) -- 9.3 Excavation (KB) -- 9.4 Chronology (EV) -- 9.5 Ceramics (EV) -- 9.6 Faunal Materials (MM) -- 9.7 Hydrological/Geological Contexts, Land Units, and Land Evaluation (AA) -- 9.8 Botanical Materials (AAM, ER, RR) -- 9.9 Coins/Small Finds (SCE) -- 9.10 Glass (SCE, ERR) -- 9.11 Building Materials (AA) -- 9.12 Discussion (KB) -- 10 Marzuolo.
10.1 Situation (AA, MG) -- 10.2 Remote Sensing (MG) -- 10.3 Excavation (KB, EV) -- 10.3.1 Area I -- 10.3.2 Area II -- 10.3.3 Area III -- 10.4 Ceramics (EV, KB) -- 10.5 Faunal Materials (MM) -- 10.6 Hydrological/Geological Contexts, Land Units, and Land Evaluation (AA) -- 10.7 Botanical (AMM, ER, RR) -- 10.8 Coins (SCE) -- 10.9 Small Finds (SCE) -- 10.10 Glass (SCE, ERR) -- 10.11 Building Materials (AA) -- 10.12 Discussion (KB) -- 11 Tombarelle -- 11.1 Situation (AA, MP) -- 11.2 Remote Sensing (MG) -- 11.3 Excavation (KB) -- 11.3.1 Area I: Phase 1? and 4 -- 11.3.2 Area II: Phase 1 -- 11.3.3 Area III: Phase 3 -- 11.3.4 Area IV: Phase 2 -- 11.4 Chronology (EV) -- 11.5 Ceramics (EV) -- 11.5.1 Phase 1 (Area II) -- 11.5.2 Phase 2 (Area IV) -- 11.5.3 Phase 3 (Area III) -- 11.5.4 Phase 4 (Area I) -- 11.6 Faunal Materials (MM) -- 11.7 Hydrological/Geological Contexts, Land Units, and Land Evaluation (AA) -- 11.8 Botanical Materials (AAM, AF, ER, RR) -- 11.9 Coins/Small Finds (SCE) -- 11.10 Building Materials (AA) -- 11.11 Discussion (KB) -- VOLUME 2 -- Volume 2 Title -- Volume 2 Copyright -- Part II: A New Synthesis -- 12 Where Did Roman Peasants Live? Habitation and Distributed Habitation -- 12.1 Definitions: House and Households (KB, CG) -- 12.2 Peasant Houses and Households in Roman Central Italy (KB) -- 12.3 The Spaces and Activities of the Roman Peasant Project (KB) -- 12.4 Parsing the "Domestic" (KB) -- 12.5 Correspondence Analysis (SCE) -- 12.6 Distributed Habitation and the Temporal Spectrum (KB) -- 12.7 Distributed Habitation in Context (KB, CG) -- 12.8 Implications for the Roman Agrarian Landscape (KB) -- 13 Agriculture and Land Use -- 13.1 Land Suitability in the Project Area (AA) -- 13.2 Land Use in the Project Area (AMM, ER) -- 13.3 Plant Accumulation and Transport (AMM, RR) -- 13.4 Land Use versus Land Suitability (AA, AMM).
13.5 Land Use, Distributed Habitation, and Intensified Agriculture (KB) -- 13.6 Crop rotation: Evidence and Implications (AAM, KB) -- 13.7 Pasture, Mixed Farming and Its Implications (KB) -- 13.8 Animal Husbandry Strategies (MM) -- 13.9 Conclusions: An "Extensive-Intensive" Agricultural System (KB) -- 14 Diet, Dining, and Subsistence -- 14.1 Dietary Staples: : Grain, Legumes, Fruits, and the Missing Vegetables (AMM, ER, RR) -- 14.2 Meat in the Peasant Diet (MM) -- 14.3 Cooking and Diet (MM, EV, KB) -- 14.4 Dining and Diet (KB, EV) -- 14.5 Subsistence, Surplus, and Storage (KB) -- 14.6 Conclusions (KB) -- 15 Non-Agricultural Production, Markets, and Trade -- 15.1 Money (SCE) -- 15.2 Production and Consumption inside the Locale (KB, EV) -- 15.2.1 Origins of Goods: Imports and the Local -- 15.2.2 Production and Consumption inside the Locale -- 15.2.3 Production for the Locale and for Export: The Case of Marzuolo -- 15.3 Geographies of Exchange (CG) -- 15.4 Conclusions (KB) -- 16 Architecture and Recycling -- 16.1 Materials and Form -- 16.2 Recycling -- 16.3 Negative Space: Installations and Yards -- 16.4 Permanence and Friability -- 16.5 Conclusions -- 17 Mobility -- 17.1 Landscapes and Movement -- 17.2 Evidence for Mobility -- 17.3 Landscapes, Ancient and Modern -- 17.4 Establishing Parameters for Movement -- 17.5 Scales of Movement -- 17.5.1 Occasional Mobility -- 17.5.2 Episodic Mobility -- 17.5.3 Quotidian Mobility -- 17.6 Conclusions: Meaning and Familiarity, Time and Place -- 18 Conclusions: The Roman Peasant Reframed -- 18.1 Landscapes -- 18.2 Demographics -- 18.3 Agriculture and Productivity -- 18.4 Labor -- 18.5 Land Tenure and Power -- 18.6 City, Country, and Peasants -- 18.7 Wealth and Poverty -- 18.8 Peasants in Time and History -- 18.9 Extendability -- 18.10 Future -- 19 Appendices.
19.1 Community Projects with the Commune of Cinigiano (MC, MG, KB) -- 19.2 Ceramics Classes, All Sites (EV) -- 19.2a Ceramics Classes, All Sites (EV) -- 19.2b Ceramics Form/Function, All Sites (EV) -- 19.3 Faunal Materials -- 19.3a NISP Relative Frequencies for Consumed Taxa, All Sites (MM) -- 19.3b Minimum Number of Individuals (=MNI) by Taxon, Age Category, and Site, All Sites (MM) -- 19.3c Cattle - Relative Frequency by Skeletal Part Category, Calculated on the Basis of NISP and MNE, All Sites (MM) -- 19.3d Sheep/Goat - Relative Frequency by Skeletal Part Category, Calculated on the Basis of NISP and MNE, All Sites (MM) -- 19.3e Pig - Relative Frequency by Skeletal Part Category, Calculated on the Basis of NISP and MNE, All Sites (MM) -- 19.3f Relative Frequency of UNID Counts by Site, All Sites (MM) -- 19.4 Pollen - Composite Pollen Table, All Sites/Phases in Chronological Order (AMM/ER) -- 19.5 Coins - Catalogue of Coins (SCE) -- 19.6 Small Finds -- 19.6a Catalogue of Small Finds (SCE) -- 19.6b Small Find Counts by Site (SCE) -- 19.6c Iron Nail Dimensions (SCE) -- 19.6d Copper Nail Dimensions (SCE) -- Bibliography.
"This book presents the results of the first systematic archaeological study of Roman peasants. It examines the spaces, architecture, diet, agriculture, market interactions and movement habitus of non-elite rural dwellers in a region of southern Tuscany, Italy, during the Roman period. The first half of the book presents the excavation data from eight non-elite rural sites including a farm, a peasant house, animal stall/work huts, a ceramics factory, field drains and a site of uncertain function, here framed as individual chapters complete with finds analysis. The second half of the book examines this data synthetically in thematic chapters addressing land use, agriculture, diet, markets and movement. The results suggest a different, more sophisticated Roman peasant than heretofore assumed. The data suggests that Roman peasants in the 1st c. BC/AD particularly built specialized sites distributed throughout the landscape to maximize use of diverse land parcels. This has important implications for the interpretation of field survey data, estimate of rural demographics from that survey and assumption about the long-term changes to human settlement. It also points to an important moment of agricultural intensification in this period, a contention beginning to be supported by other studies. The project also identified sophisticated systems of land use, including crop rotation and an important investment in animal agriculture. The data similarly present the first systematic data from Roman Italy for rural consumption, tracking the fine wares produced at a production site to local sites nearby. This supports the largely theoretical new work problematizing the so-called consumer city model and suggests the potential importance of rural aggregate demand. Movement studies, based on finds from the sites themselves, describe a more mobile population that previously assumed, engaged in quotidian and long-distance movement patterns, data supported by the small but steady stream of imports and exports into and out of this seemingly liminal region. The book concludes by addressing the implications of this new data for major questions in Roman social and economic history"--
Physical Description:1 Online-Ressource (814 pages)
ISBN:9781949057089

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